The Chin Shihhuang emperor mausoleum is located Xi'an near 憧 north the area east Li the foothill. 246 B.C., at the beginning of Chin Shihhuang takes a seat starts to construct the mausoleum, until the B.C.E. 210 annual income bury, the mausoleum construction project for 37 years, are most with the labor when reaches 70 ten thousand people. The mausoleum seals assumes flat topping the square cone, the base north and south length 515 meters, the thing width 485 meters, the height 115 meters. After more than 2,000 years wind and rain corrosion and artificial destruction, present grave mound base north and south length 350 meters, thing width 345 meters, height 76 meters. Inside and outside mausoleum periphery has the twofold city wall, the inner city perimeter 3,875 meters, the outer city perimeter 621O rice. The inner and outer city walls four sides have the gate, and has 门网 the construction. Through the archaeology exploration, inside and outside the cemetary had discovered each kind is buried along with the dead the pit, is buried along with the dead the grave and repairs mausoleum personnel's grave 500. Is buried along with the dead in the pit quite important including: Burial figures of warriors and horses pit, copper chariot pit, horse stable pit, rare birds and beasts pit, as well as each kind of 附葬 pit and so on. Moreover, inside and outside the cemetary also discovered the bedroom palace, 便殿, the garden temple government official shed and so on the massive palaces construct the ruins. The entire cemetary just like a rich underground cultural relic treasure house. It is in the Chinese all previous dynasties king mausoleum the scale is biggest, buries a thing most cemetary. South the Chin Shihhuang emperor mausoleum depends on the Li, north near the Wei water, south the terrain Gao Beidi, belongs to under the foot of a hill Hong Jishan the area. Li Daoyuan "Water Classic □Wei Inkstone well" cloud: The mountain "its cloudy multi- golds, its positive multi- jade, 始皇 covet its fine reputation thus buries 焉." Now mausoleum periphery is a piece of farmland and the village, on the mausoleum grave mound is covered with the pomegranate tree, first month of summer the pomegranate flower resembles the fire every year, the autumn great accomplishment is countless, the tourist like weaves. In order to open the Chin Shihhuang emperor mausoleum the mystery, the archaeology worker starts from the beginning of the 60's gradually to carry on the science to the cemetary the drilling and the investigation. The Chin Shihhuang emperor cemetary area has 56.25 square kilometers. Qin Lingling the base approximate square shape, as if covers fights, 夯土 builds. The extant mausoleum 76 meters, the mausoleum base thing width 345 meters, the north and south length 350 meters, look like a pyramid shape. Revolves to seal the heap, in the ground originally constructs has the twofold north and south to the rectangular city wall, the inner city north and south length 1,355 meters, the thing width 580 meters, the perimeter 3,870 meters. Outer city north and south length 2,165 meters, thing width 580 meters, perimeter 6,210 meters. The city wall mostly caves in, only saves the wall base, the wall base width approximately 8 meters. Around the inner city and the outer city has the city gate, outer city four sides respectively has, the inner city east, west, south three respectively has, northern side two. In the gate has the gate 阙 construction. The inner and outer city walls four jiao have the watchtower. Between the inner and outer city walls also discovered has several large-scale palaces to construct the ruins. The Chin Shihhuang emperor mausoleum all around distributes the massive constructions to be different, the connotation each different is buried along with the dead the pit and the grave, already verified has more than 400. Is buried along with the dead in the pit in these, has the symbolic imperial family kings to ride the sedan chair the copper chariot pit; Symbolizes emperor to browse plays the pen rare birds and beasts pit, symbolizes the palace horse breeding horse stable pit as well as symbolizes the Qin dynasty million mighty armies burial figures of warriors and horses, in recent years, in the mausoleum area had 50,000 important historical relics unearthed, many is priceless is rarely found in the world the treasure, like the copper carriages and horses, 跽 sat the burial puppet, 乐府 the clock, 夔 the grain big eaves tile and so on. Is buried along with the dead in the pit connotation from these and the history book looked to the Qin mausoleum mausoleum chamber establishment situation record that, the Chin Shihhuang emperor cemetary was the same year Qin dynasty on kingdom reappearance. The world original all in underground finish all prepares. In in this nether world underground kingdom, the Chin Shihhuang emperor still is rules the world, supremely to the expensive king. After beginning emperor died the only for more than 3 years, the Qin dynasty on is destroyed by the peasant uprising great waves. The Qin mausoleum ground all magnificent palaces guest house all falls "a Chu person torch, pitiful scorched earth!" Only the Qin mausoleum tomb which that high sticks out, if the identical position had experienced the hardships of life historical witness, is relating dynasty rise and fall in turn Spring and Autumn Period to the posterity. Chin Shihhuang cemetary ruins horizontal plan:
在线翻译来的,凑合着吧
秦始皇陵墓近似方形，顶部平坦，腰略呈阶梯形，高76米，东西长345米，南北宽350米，占地12.075万平方米。 陵墓地宫中心是安放秦始皇棺椁的地方。秦陵四周分布着大量形制不同、内涵各异的陪葬坑和墓葬，已发现400多处，其中包括“世界第八大奇迹”中的兵马俑坑。
因此，秦王墓规模巨大，占地面积达56.25平方公里，是世界上规模最大、最奇特、最富有的帝陵之一。
的出现，正是中原本土丧葬文化的代表之一。
，更早的时候，在上古时期称为“榇”。文字多有象形意义，亲人去世后，将亲人的遗蜕置于木制的容器内，即为“榇”。
为什么选木制的，是因为树木是“长生”的象征。自古以来，棺木又称“寿材”，都是年代越久、树龄越高的越好，就是这个原因。
但是，这里要说的是，其实古人并不是因为替死去的亲人着想才这么做的。把“生”的意味强加给死者，完全是为了自己。
上古时期的人认为，人并不会正常死亡，所有的死亡，都是因为妖魔鬼怪作祟。而人对于那些妖魔鬼怪，是没有反抗的能力的，只有听凭其摧残。
把已过世的人盛放于棺木之内，把“生”的意味强加于死者，其本意是将死者作为献祭，相当于对妖魔说，【他还活着，你就尽情地折磨他吧，不要找我们的麻烦】。
所以说，其实丧葬文化的起源是非常冷漠的。这是由于上古时期社会生产力过于低下的现实所决定的。任何一个人力，对社会来说都是宝贵的资源，因此要舍弃死者，专注于保护生者。
经过时间的推移，丧葬文化里开始有了感情因素。但是由于迷信并没有破除，于是出现了一种貌似对死者有感情，但实际上更残酷的做法，杀殉。
《墨子·节葬》中就记载，【天子杀殉，众者数百，寡者数十；将军大夫杀殉，众者数十，寡者数人】。
对那些曾经有足够声誉、地位的人，不愿他们死后被妖魔折磨，于是将其他人作为殉葬品，作为献给妖魔的祭品，已此来保证死者周全。而那些殉葬的人，则没有资格躺了。
汉武帝茂陵。图片来源网络。
汉武帝在位五十四年，他的茂陵前后修了五十三年。汉武帝在位时国力强盛，而且他是个喜欢享乐的皇帝，因此他的茂陵也是西汉帝王陵中规模最大、陪葬品最多的陵墓。《汉书·贡禹传》记载，汉元帝时谏大夫贡禹曾经上奏批评奢侈之风，也批评了汉武帝的厚葬情形，“霍光专事，不知礼正，妄多藏金钱财物，鸟兽鱼鳖牛马虎豹生禽，凡百九十物，尽瘗藏之。”茂陵规模宏大，高二十丈，墓道能容通过六马拉的大车；墓中设置了诸多防盗设施，“先闭剑户，户设夜龙、莫邪剑、伏弩，设伏火”。（《后汉书》志第六《礼仪志下》刘昭注补引《汉旧仪》）
尽管茂陵的防盗措施很好，但是因为陪葬品特别丰厚多次遭到了盗掘，既有民间的零星盗掘，也有大规模的盗掘。《汉武帝内传》记载，汉武帝去世后四年，茂陵陪葬品就出现在了市场上。“帝家中先有一玉箱、一玉杖，此是西胡康渠王所献帝甚爱之，故入梓宫中。其后四年，有人于扶风市中买得此二物。”汉武帝陵中随葬经书以及盛装经书的金箱，在汉宣帝时也流落到民间。
对茂陵的大规模盗掘主要发生在王莽新朝和唐朝败亡之际。王莽新朝灭亡后，攻入长安的赤眉军大规模盗掘了西汉皇帝陵墓。“宗庙园陵皆发掘，唯霸陵、杜陵完。”（《汉书·王莽传下》）《后汉书·刘盆子传》也记载：“发掘诸陵，取其宝货，遂污辱吕后尸。凡城所发，有玉匣敛者率皆如生，故赤眉得多行婬秽。”西汉陵墓遭劫，东汉皇帝、大臣的墓也没能逃脱厄运，在东汉末年被董卓挖了个遍。面对汉陵被破坏的惨状，魏文帝曹丕曾经感叹说：“丧乱以来，汉氏诸陵无不发掘，至乃烧取玉匣金缕，骸骨并尽，是焚如之刑。”（《三国志·魏书·文帝纪》）
根据以上这些记载，茂陵在历史上遭受了重大破坏。但是茂陵似乎只被赤眉军盗掘了局部。据《晋书·索綝传》记载，晋愍帝建兴三年，大臣索綝说：汉武帝的陵墓赤眉军盗掘了不到一半，还遗留下很多珍贵宝物。在唐末，茂陵再次遭到了黄巢的大肆盗掘。这是历史有载的第二次大规模破坏。
上图为央视拍摄的茂陵纪录片——《发现之路第二集·未被发掘的皇陵》。
当古工作者多次勘察了茂陵，经测量陵区分为茂陵陵园、茂陵邑、陪葬墓区及修陵人墓地四部分，分布范围东西约9. 5、南北约7公里。茂陵现存封土呈覆斗形，底部边长东243、南238、西243.2、北240米；顶部边长东36、南41. 6、西39. 2、北41. 7米;现距地表高度48. 5米。有趣的是，考古工作者并未在茂陵封土上发现盗洞。也许历次盗墓没有破坏汉武帝的陵墓。
经勘测调查，汉武帝陵园有150座外藏坑；旁边的李夫人墓园内有6座外藏坑、7座祭祀坑；茂陵陵园与外城墙之间分布244座外藏坑；茂陵陵园内还发现中型以上的墓葬9座；茂陵陵园外可以确定的部分陪葬墓113座。（《汉武帝茂陵考古调查、勘探简报》，《考古与文物》2011年第2期）如此巨大的陵园，勘察确定的茂陵外的陪葬坑近四百座，未能勘察的陪葬坑还不知道有多少。也许史载的盗掘茂陵仅是盗掘了这些外藏坑和陪葬墓。
第一就是最大的高铁站～西安北站，我后来是坐飞机去的，没能有机会去看看。
第二最大的音乐喷泉，大雁塔北广场喷泉。这里我去了，真的特别美，尤其到晚上更美了。
第三保存最完整的古代城墙，西安城墙。这里也去了，本来答应娃在上面骑自行车，可是人太多了，没能骑上，一点小遗憾。
第四亚洲最大的水幕电影，大唐芙蓉园。
西安是一个值得再去的城市，我会更多的了解西安之最，希望能有机会和大家分享。
